Why are ecosystems described as dynamic systems?

Ecosystems are described as dynamic systems because they continuously change and adapt to various environmental conditions. This adaptability results from numerous factors, including seasonal cycles, climatic changes, species interactions, and human influences. For instance, the introduction of a new species can disrupt the existing balance and lead to alterations in population dynamics, nutrient cycling, and habitat availability.

Additionally, ecosystems respond to natural events like wildfires, floods, or droughts, which can bring about significant changes in structure and function. This dynamic nature allows ecosystems to maintain balance and resilience over time, enabling them to recover from disturbances and continue functioning effectively.

In contrast, the other choices do not accurately capture the complexity and adaptability of ecosystems. They either limit the components that make up an ecosystem or suggest a static condition that contradicts observed ecological changes.