Which type of species is crucial for maintaining the structure of an ecosystem?

A keystone species plays a critical role in maintaining the structure and stability of an ecosystem due to its unique functions and interactions with other species. These species can have a disproportionate impact on their environment compared to their abundance or biomass. For example, predator species, such as sea otters in kelp forests, help maintain the balance of marine life by controlling the population of herbivores. This, in turn, allows for the growth and health of kelp, which provides habitat for many other marine organisms.

The presence or absence of a keystone species can significantly affect biodiversity and the overall structure of an ecosystem. When keystone species are removed or depleted, the effects can ripple throughout the ecosystem, leading to changes that may reduce species diversity and disrupt ecological balance. Therefore, the health and stability of ecosystems often hinge on the existence and health of these key species.