What is the lithosphere primarily made of?

The lithosphere is primarily made of solid materials of the Earth, which includes the crust and the uppermost part of the mantle. This layer is composed of rocks and minerals, providing a rigid structure that supports the continents and ocean floors. The lithosphere plays a critical role in various geological processes, including tectonic activity and the formation of landforms. The solid nature of the lithosphere distinguishes it from other Earth systems, such as the hydrosphere, which encompasses liquid water bodies, and the atmosphere, composed of gaseous components. Living organisms, while present on the Earth's surface and within its soils, do not constitute the lithosphere itself but are instead supported by it. Understanding the composition of the lithosphere is essential for studying geology and Earth sciences.